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1. 二十六個字母的讀音 (Letter Sounds).

五個元音字母(a, e, i, o, u), 每個發兩種音：長音(其字母音)和短音

y不在單詞開頭時，一般被看做元音

2. 單元音單詞拼讀 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations)

如果一個英語單詞或音節里只有一個元音, 且元音不在末尾，這個元音一般發短音.

如：　Sam, cat, mat, 等等.

Beginning Consonants

Ending Consonants

One Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds

3. 雙元音單詞拼讀(Two Vowel Words)

一個單詞或音節里有兩個元音時，　一般來說，前邊一個元音發長音(其字母音)，　后邊一個元音不發音.

如：　make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key, five, nine, tie, road, coat, toe, cute等等.

4. 雙/三輔音在一起時的聯讀 (Consonant Blends)

Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)

Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)

Words ending in ll, ss, ff

Consonant digraphs (ch, th, sh, wh)

5. 特殊讀法(1)- 帶元音的特殊讀法(Irregular Vowels)

igh, ing, ind, ild, ar, or, oi, oy, alt, alk, ost, old, er, ir, ur, ew, sion, tion, eigh, all, ow, ow, ou, ay, ous, ed, ed (t), ed (d), aw, au, oo, oo

以上字母組合作為整體音節發音。需記住它們所發的音。

Examples:

ar (car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)

al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play)

ew (new, few), eigh (eight, weight),

ed:

says /ed/: patted, landed, lifted

says /t/: walked, hopped, stopped

says /d/: cried, played, chewed

er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt)

ie (field), ing(king, sing, dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, night, light), ire

oi (oil, boil), oy (boy, toy), old (old, cold), ost (most, host), olt,

oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, for, horn),

ow (讀音一：cow, now, how, bow;　讀音二：bow, low, blow, snow),

ou (shout, out, loud)

ould (could, would), ough (五種種不同的讀音：cough, through, ought, slough, plough),

ought, , ous (famous, nervous),

ue (cruel), ui (fluid)

tion (attention, fiction), sion (passion, expression),

ending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le

6. 特殊讀法(2)

如果一個單詞或音節里只有一個元音,而且元音在末尾，　這個元音一般發長音(其字母音) (Vowel at the end).

如：me, hi, go, baby, table, humor，hibernate 等等。

Y在末尾 (作為元音處理)(y at the end)：

單音節詞, 沒有其他元音，y發"I"(one syllable word, y at the end (pronounced as "I")): my, why, fly, sky

多音節詞, y發"E" 的音(two or more syllables, y at the end (pronounced as "E")): daddy, mommy, baby，honey, crazy

7. 特殊讀法(3) - 固定讀音的單詞 (Sight Word)

is, are, the, a, to, here, hey, have, son, love, come, give, field…… 等.

它們不遵守前邊的發音規則，需要死記硬背。

8. 特殊讀法(4) - 輔音的特殊讀法

有一些輔音不發音 (silent consonants).

Silent b: comb, lamb

Silent h: ghost

Silent k: knife, knock, knob, know…

Silent w: write, wrist, wreck …

"c" 和 "k" 在一起時，　發一個音: quick, black等.

"q" 總是和"u"在一起：quite, quick, quit, quilt等.

之所以指出這一點, 是在這里u不能再被認為是元音, 而是和q一起組成一個輔音組合. 于是, 在quite這個單詞里只有兩個元音, 是雙元音單詞, 第一個元音i發字母音, 第二個元音e不發音.

"p"和 "h"在一起, 發/f/的音: phone, photo.

復數s及末尾s的讀音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s)

c和g 的兩種讀音:

如果i(或y)或者 e 跟在c或者g的后邊, c發/s/, g發/j/的音: center, cigar, nice, mice, gem, giant, gym, page.

其他情況下, c發/k/, g發/g/: can, clap, cup, great, glad, got, goat, log.

特殊情況： get, give

9. 多音節單詞和復合詞 (Words with multiple syllables and compound words)

多音節單詞: believe, multiple, syllable, compound

復合詞: homework, highway