1.Assurance engagements and external audit
鑒證業務和外部審計
Materiality, true and fair presentation, reasonable assurance
重要性,真實、公允反映,合理保證
Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors
注冊會計師的聘用,解聘和辭職
Types of opinion: unmodified opinion, modified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion
審計意見類型:無保留意見,保留意見,否定意見,無法表示意見
Professional ethics: independence, objectivity, integrity, professional competence, due care, confidentiality,
professional behavior
職業道德:獨立、客觀和公正,專業勝任能力,應有的關注,保密性,職業行為
Engagement letter
審計業務約定書
2.Planning and risk assessment
審計計劃和風險評估
General principles
一般原則
Plan and perform audits with an attitude of professional skepticism
計劃和執行審計業務應保持應有的職業懷疑態度
Audit risks = inherent risk ×control risk ×detection risk
審計風險=固有風險×控制風險×檢查風險
Risk-based approach
風險導向型審計
Understanding the entity and knowledge of the business
了解被審單位
Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud
估計重大錯報或舞弊的風險
Materiality (level), tolerable error
重要性水平,可容忍誤差
Analytical procedures
分析性復核程序
Planning an audit
制定審計計劃
Audit documentation: working papers
審計記錄:工作底稿
The work of others
利用其他人的工作
Rely on the work of experts
利用專家工作
Rely on the work of internal audit
利用內部審計人員的工作
3.Internal control
內部控制
The evaluation of internal control systems
內部控制系統評價Tests of control
控制測試
Substantive procedures (time, nature, extent)
實質性程序(時間,性質,范圍)
Transaction cycles: revenue, purchases, inventory, etc.
4.Audit evidence
審計證據
Obtain sufficient, appropriate audit evidence
獲取充分、適當的審計證據
Assertions contained in the financial statements: completeness, occurrence, existence, measurement,
presentation and disclosure, rights and obligations
財務報表所包含的認定:完整性,發生,存在,計價,表達和披露,權利和義務
The audit of specific items
具體項目的審計
Receivables: confirmation
應收賬款:函證
Inventory: counting, cut-off, confirmation of inventory held by third parties
存貨:盤點,截止測試,對第三方持有存貨進行函證Payables: supplier statement reconciliation, confirmation
應付賬款:供應商對賬,函證
Bank and cash: bank confirmation
貨幣資金:銀行函證
Auditing sampling
審計抽樣
5.Review
復核
Subsequent events
期后事項
Going concern
持續經營
Management representations
管理層聲明
Audit finalization and the final review: unadjusted differences
終結審計和最后復核:未調整差異